@article{Tsutomu Matsuo_Kunio Mori_Nobutaka Hiraoka_Mengxia Sun_Ha H.Bui_Ryoichi Fukagawa_2017, title={STUDY OF SPH SIMULATION ON TUNNEL FACE COLLAPSE}, volume={10}, url={https://geomatejournal.com/geomate/article/view/2011}, abstractNote={<p>Maintenance measures for tunnel portal zones have attracted increasing interest owing to the<br>increased collapse risk of slopes by severe torrential rain and inland earthquakes in Japan in recent years.<br>However, these large-scale collapse behaviours cannot be simulated by finite difference method (FDM)<br>analysis. In this study, we applied the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to analyse the<br>collapse behaviour of the tunnel face under construction and the effect of the stabilization method. First, we<br>simulated the collapse behaviour at the tunnel portal zone by two-dimensional SPH simulation and compared<br>it with an aluminium-bar experiment, and we showed that the SPH method is effective to model the overall<br>tendency of the large deformation and the collapse behaviour in the experiments. Second, we simulated the<br>collapse behaviour using the SPH method in the real tunnel portal zone collapse and provided a restraint<br>result for collapse using facebolts. Therefore, we demonstrated that the SPH method is an effective technique<br>to evaluate reinforcement measures.<br><br></p>}, number={22}, journal={GEOMATE Journal}, author={Tsutomu Matsuo and Kunio Mori and Nobutaka Hiraoka and Mengxia Sun and Ha H.Bui and Ryoichi Fukagawa}, year={2017}, month={Feb.}, pages={2077–2082} }