TY - JOUR AU - Arif Ali Baig Moghal, AU - Syed Abu Sayeed Mohammed, AU - Mosleh Ali Al-Shamrani, PY - 2019/01/30 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW ON STRONTIUM TOXICOKINETICS, MECHANISTIC RESPONSE, ALTERATIONS AND REGULATIONS JF - GEOMATE Journal JA - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATE VL - 16 IS - 53 SE - Articles DO - UR - https://geomatejournal.com/geomate/article/view/2854 SP - 204-214 AB - <p>Strontium is mostly present in oil, coal, soil and rocks in the form of isotopes of four types 84Sr, <br>86Sr, 87Sr and 88Sr. It resembles the chemical form of calcium and even replaces the position in bones and other <br>places where calcium finds its importance in the human or animal body. Strontium, if exchanged with calcium <br>in greater quantity, can cause serious effects like cancer in bone and its neighbouring tissues and necrotic <br>lesions. However, the effect is negligible when the exchange is lesser. If present in the geo-environment, <br>strontium compounds in both forms stable or radioactive percolates in the groundwater, but a majority of this <br>compound present in soil remains undisturbed for a considerable amount of time. The permissible amount of <br>strontium which can be acceptable in water according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) <br>is 4 mg L1<br>. Further presence of strontium up to 240 mg kg1<br>in soil is considered as less toxic to grownups not <br>suffering from malnutrition. Anthropogenic and natural activities leading to the release of strontium in the <br>atmosphere pose a chance of transportation and deposition by the wet deposition method. The natural treatment <br>of strontium by biodegradation or hydrolysis does not decay atoms of strontium due to its form. This paper <br>deals with the chemical and physical properties and toxico-kinetics of strontium. Moreover, few points <br>pertaining to health of flora and fauna when it is in direct contact with strontium and the safety concerns with <br>relevant regulations are discussed.</p> ER -