3D MODELING USING UAV-PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNIQUE FOR DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS

Abstract

Over the last decade, imaging techniques using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and photogrammetry-based computer vision technique have developed rapidly, enabling advances in three-dimensional (3D) modeling for the preservation, documentation, and management of cultural heritage buildings. This study aims to evaluates the accuracy of UAV photogrammetry for Stupa exploration at Pegulingan Temple. The data obtained is expected to become a documentation that can be used in maintenance as well as in future reconstruction. In this study, 3D model was generated by aerial photographs taken by small UAV (drone) and photogrammetry based SfM-MVS algorithms technique. To test the accuracy of the SfM-MVS method in generating the 3D model, the accuracy assessment was calculated based on the total error (RMSE) of the 3D model coordinates (XYZ) estimated by the SfM-MVS against the measured coordinates from RTK-GNSS and TLS. Based on these results, the overall accuracy in the horizontal and vertical sections is 11.3 mm and 14.1 mm, respectively, this demonstrates that the model achieves high accuracy at the mm scale. The mean cloud to cloud (C2C) distance between the TLS and the UAV point cloud were very small (0.03 mm), it means the accuracy between the two technique is almost the same. The findings indicated that the 3D stupa model generated by UAV-photogrammetry technique was sufficiently accurate to support cultural heritage buildings conservation management.