METHOD FOR EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT SLOPE STEEPNESS: AN INTEGRATED EXPERIMENTAL-NUMERICAL APPROACH

Abstract

This paper presents the Seismic Slope Steepness method, developed to evaluate slope stability under seismic effects and dynamic loads. The study is based on experimental data, numerical modeling, and empirical relationships that reflect the influence of key physical and mechanical soil characteristics, such as porosity, moisture content, and angle of internal friction, on stability. The main parameters of slope stability under 8-point seismicity and vibrations equivalent to high-speed transport are analyzed. The results, summarized in graphical form, can be applied to optimize slope design in earthquake-prone regions. Proposed anti-seismic measures include soil compaction, replacement of weak soils with more durable ones, loading of the slope surface, slope alignment, modifying the slope shape, installing drainage systems, and using various slope reinforcements (e.g., diaphragms, screens). However, each of these measures has certain limitations, such as restricted applicability, technological complexity, high cost, and, most importantly, failure to achieve the desired stability. Given these challenges, further research on improving slope positioning methods was deemed necessary. This approach is simpler, more cost-effective, and does not require complex equipment or advanced technologies. The development of this method, which accounts for key factors affecting slope stability, is expected to have broad applications in the construction of embankment structures for various purposes.