BIM-BASED EARTHQUAKE RISK ANALYSIS: ASSESSING BUILDING DAMAGE AND ECONOMIC LOSS USING GEM TAXONOMY

Abstract

This study presents a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based approach for earthquake risk assessment that integrates the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) structural taxonomy to evaluate potential building damage and associated economic losses. The analysis focuses on four reinforced-concrete building complexes (a total of four buildings) at Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), West Java, which are located near the active Lembang Fault. Three-dimensional building exposure models were developed using BIM to represent key structural parameters, including building height, material composition, construction type, and floor configuration. These exposure models were combined with seismic hazard data characterized by peak ground acceleration (PGA) corresponding to a Mw 7.0 scenario earthquake to estimate damage probabilities using GEM-recommended fragility curves for comparable reinforced-concrete building typologies and associated vulnerability functions. The results indicate that approximately 30–40% (mean ≈ 35%) of the assessed buildings are expected to experience moderate damage under the selected earthquake scenario, with average direct economic losses ranging from USD 31,000 to USD 45,000 per building, reflecting uncertainties in fragility and vulnerability modeling. Overall, the proposed approach demonstrates the capability of BIM to enhance multi-dimensional exposure representation and to improve the accuracy of post-disaster economic loss estimation within the context of a limited campus-scale case study, thereby supporting resilience planning and risk informed decision making at the institutional level.