SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN ARID REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

Changes in land use/land cover (LU/LC) are a major factor driving global environmental change,
especially in arid and semi-arid regions. As a result, expansion of agriculture and urbanization is occurring in
ecologically fragile lands. This paper analyzed and assessed land use/land cover changes in an agricultural
center Tabuk in Saudi Arabia, object-based classification technique (OBC) using Landsat images for seven
years (1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009, and 2015) were used for LU/LC analysis. The urban growth type
for Tabuk was measured using Urban Growth Analysis Tool (UGAT) within a GIS. The study found an
increase in urban areas from 48 km2 in 1985 to 315 km2 in 2015. A significant increase of 61% in agricultural
land, from 1985 (112 km2) to (577 km2) in 2015. This expansion is occurring at the expense of the barren land
with a loss of 768 km2. An overall classification accuracy ranged from 94% to 97% across all images. The
urban growth type for Tabuk was determined as 72% to be of the extension-type over the study period, with
urban areas expanding in a direction towards the northwest and west area. Assessing spatial and temporal
LU/LC change has aided to understand the impacts of expanding agriculture and urban areas. The LU/LC maps
could aid government planners and decision-makers to analyze and manage agricultural and urban growth.