RESEARCH AND WAYS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF WATERLOGGING OF ARABLE LAND IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of scientific research and gives ways to solve the problem of waterlogging of arable land in Northern Kazakhstan. This work aims to find out the degree of waterlogging, drainage of wetlands of the study area, and their use in agricultural production. To work out the issues of conducting drainage reclamation of wetlands, the experimental site was identified in the North Kazakhstan region, where amelioration work to drain it was carried out. The description of waterlogged soils of ground and surface moisture based on the results of studying their properties is given; comparative data on their morphological features, physicochemical properties, organic matter concentration, silt fraction, and physical clay for the studied soil layers are presented. The main problems of rational use of agricultural lands are analyzed, and ways of solving the identified problems of waterlogging of arable lands in northern Kazakhstan are proposed. The volumetric weight in the 0-100 cm layer ranges from 1.34-1.49 t/m³, and the humus concentration is 0.15-5.53%. Of the absorbed bases, calcium accounts for 80-90 %. By qualitative composition from the relict lakes of the Kamyshlov ravine - Big Salt Lake - salinity was 5.254 g/l. According to the assessment of alkalinity (according to the values of hydrogen index (pH), the surface waters of reservoirs - 1 and 2 - are neutral, and those from Big Salt Lake are slightly alkaline. This present work can serve as a guide for improving soil conservation, sustainability, and planning for future agricultural production.