SUBSTANTIATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RESTORATION OF DEGRADED SOILS BY REGULATING GROUNDWATER

Abstract

The purpose of the work was to substantiate and develop technologies for the desalinization of soils by regulating the level of groundwater. The research methodology included field experiments, laboratory analyzes and mathematical calculations using formulas. The ecological and reclamation zoning of the studied massif in the Bayzak district of the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan was carried out by the research team. A study of the hydrophysical characteristics of soils showed that 25% of the lands were non-saline, 33.3% were highly saline, and 41.7% were moderately saline soil varieties. The article presents the results of improving the efficiency of washing and watering soils using various technologies for water supply, as well as chemical reclamation elements such as phosphogypsum and manure application. It has been established that it is possible to regulate groundwater when drains are cut at a distance of 100-125 m from each other when they are located at a depth of 3 m, and the alternation of drains of different configurations using a greenhouse-type structure ensures the flow of water purified from salts through condensation into the soil. Deep loosening and the introduction of phosphogypsum and manure increased the leaching capacity of soils by 2.0-2.5 times and also accelerated the outflow of leaching fluid by 33-40%. The studied technology for the restoration of degraded soils made it possible to reduce the leaching exposure by 2.5 times compared to the traditional method. Thus, in this paper, the principles of flushing saline soils with the help of groundwater regulation were substantiated.