ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL ATTACK

Abstract

Structural foundation integrity is crucial for sustaining diverse constructions, but in Qatar, the prevalent rapid penetration of chloride ions and sulfate in soil and groundwater poses a substantial threat. This chemical exposure accelerates steel corrosion and induces concrete damage, especially at the foundational level, which is a prevalent concern in the Middle East. This study aimed to identify the most durable concrete foundation by evaluating its compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, coupled with various durability tests such as the rapid chloride penetration test, water absorption, chloride penetration, water penetration, and chemical analysis. The emphasis was on achieving a concrete composition capable of enduring for centuries. This research delved into variations in concrete durability, particularly focusing on curing methods, in contrast to previous studies. Samples underwent curing in natural soil, exposing them to chemical attacks such as chloride ion (Cl⁻=0.12%) and sulfate (SO₄^2-=1.22 g/l) attacks, while others opted for curing in potable water and temperatures controlled as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The experimental investigation considered high-performance triple-blend mixtures and control sample concrete compositions, including 70% ordinary Portland cement (OPC), 25% pulverized fuel ash (PFA), and 5% silica fume (MS); 45% ordinary Portland cement (OPC), 50% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and 5% silica fume (MS); 100% sulfate resistance cement (SRC); and 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The results indicate that incorporating GGBS enhances both compressive strength and foundation durability.