COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTIVE SUSTAINABILITY AND FLOOD VULNERABILITY ZONING USING SOCIAL RESILIENCE INDICATORS IN KAMPAR REGENCY, INDONESIA

Abstract

Flood disasters are among the most frequent natural hazards in Indonesia, with Kampar Regency regularly affected due to its river basin and lowland setting. This study aims to delineate flood vulnerability zones and assess the sustainability of adaptation strategies using social resilience indicators, providing a practical framework for flood risk management. Vulnerability zoning was carried out with the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)-Weighted Overlay method, based on Indonesia’s National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) Regulation No. 2/2012. Adaptive sustainability was examined using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) with the Rapid Appraisal for Hazard (APHAZA) approach, supported by leverage (Root Mean Square or RMS change) analysis and Monte Carlo validation. The framework covered four dimensions, namely Population Adaptation (infrastructure and household preparedness), Health Adaptation (medical readiness and service), Flood Awareness Education (knowledge transfer and school functionality), and Social Capital Adaptation (community cooperation and networks). Results show that high flood vulnerability zones are concentrated in Tambang, Tapung Hilir, Tapung Hulu, and Kampar, while upland areas such as Kampar Kiri Hulu and XIII Koto Kampar remain flood-free. MDS analysis indicates that all dimensions are within a moderately sustainable range. Integrating physical vulnerability zoning with social resilience assessment offers methodological novelty and relevant insights for resilience-based flood risk management in hazard-prone regions.