DEVELOPMENT OF A LITERATURE-BASED DATABASE ON BEACHROCK FORMATION IN TROPICAL ASIA

Abstract

Global beachrock (BR) distribution, characteristics, and formation mechanisms remain subjects of ongoing debate. A comprehensive database that compiles all documented BR occurrences is essential for improving our understanding of BR formation processes and BR spatial patterns. However, no up-to-date unified global database currently exists. This study takes the first step toward addressing this gap by developing a regional database focusing on the tropical Asian region. A systematic literature review was conducted, resulting in the compilation of 122 documented records of BR occurrences. The collected records were then analyzed to determine spatial patterns, regional variations, BR composition, cements, and cementation mechanisms. The findings reveal that BR formations are concentrated mainly in certain coastal areas, especially the East China Sea (Western Japan), whereas many other areas remain poorly documented or entirely unstudied. The composition of BR particles varies according to local environmental and geological conditions. Cement analysis records reveal that aragonite and High Magnesium Calcite are the dominant types. Cementation occurs through seawater precipitation, microbial activity, and freshwater processes, with seawater precipitation being the most prevalent mechanism. The findings serve as a baseline framework, contribute to the development of a global BR database, and provide insights into BR formation processes in tropical regions.